Firearm.



G. HAMMOND.

Patented Feb. 18, 1919.

2 SHEETSSHEET I.

R m E 3 V 4 0 N [W f j J v W 3 0% M m w o w 6 n 7 m I w WITNESSES:

A TTOR NE Y.

G. HAMMOND.

FIREARM APPLICATION FILED APR. 21. 1916. I 1,294,454. 4 Patented Feb.18,1919.

Z SHEETS-SHEET 2,

INVENTOR BY MW, 6g ATTORNEX UNITED STATES PATENT orrion.

GRANT HAMMOND, 0F HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR- TO THE DALTON ARMS CORPORATION, OF NEW YORK, N.

Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK FIREARM.

- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 18, 1919.

Application filed April 21, 1916. Serial No. 92,780.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that 1, GRANT HAMMOND, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and Improved Firearm, of which the follow ing is a specification.

My invention relates more especially to that class of magazine firearms that are discharged while supported by a person and in which there is a manually actuated breechbolt, and an object of my invention, among others, is to'provide a firearm of this'type that shall be simple in its construction and particularly efl'ectual in its operation.

One form of device embodying my invention, and in the construction and use of which the objects herein set out, as well as others, may be attained, is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a. view in vertical longitudinal section of that portion of a firearm embodying my invention, the magazine and breechbolt beingshown in full.

Fig. 2 is a view in side elevation of a portion of my improved firearm with the receiver broken away to show the interrupter.

Fig. 3 is a view in cross section on plane denoted by dotted line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a top plan view of a portion of my improved firearm.

Fig. 5 is a view in cross section on plane denoted by dotted line 55 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a bottom view of the breech-bolt,

and firing mechanism, with the parts in the relative position occupied when the bolt is closed in the receiver, the firing mechanism being uncooked.

Fig. 7 is a side view of the breech-bolt, looking toward the left.

Fig. 8 is a view in cross section on plane denoted by dotted line 8-8 of Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a view in section lengthwise through the breech-bolt and firing mechanism. v

Fig. 10 is a top plan view of the breechbolt in the position occupied .when closed.

Fig. 11 is a view looking toward the for- I ward end of the breech-bolt.

Figs. 12 and 13 are detail views showing the construction of the extractor.

Figs. 14 and 15 are detail views of the compression sleeve.

16 is a bottom view of the stop piece. Fig. 17 is an end view of the firing pin in any ordinary manner and 12 the magazine preferably separately formed from the receiver and including a trigger guard plate with a trigger guard 13. The magazine may be of any struction not being material to the invention of this application, and it may be attached to the receiver, stock, etc, in any desired manner. A trigger 14 is pivotally mounted in the receiver, its lower end projecting through an opening into the trigger guard and its upper end projecting through an opening in the receiver in position to form a breech-bolt stop, being also connected to o crate a movable sear 15, all in a manner to e hereinafter described.

The receiver 10 has a breech bolt chamber 16 of generally round form in cross section and with breech bolt locking shoulders 17 at its forward end and a breech bolt releasing groove 18 extending from said shoulders backwardly into the main part of said chamber, a spline groove 42 extending along the bottom of said chamber for its full length.

This chamber 16 has an opening 19 through its wall into the magazine through which cartridges pass into the chamber, and the empty shells are ejected through a discharge opening in the top and in a manner common to firearms of this class.

of the receiver, and a guide slot 20 opens through the top of the receiver from the rear Loading slots 21 are end of this chamber. located in the side walls of the slot 20 to receive the lower endof a loading clip con-' to holdsaid clip while.

A breech bolt 22 is formed to fit within an;

desired form, its special 0011- said trigger side of the receiver" 90 The chamber 16 extendsout at the rear end while the breech bolt is' lugs 23 shaped to pass through the releaslng groove 18 and spline groove '42 "and?to engage ther ljo'cking' shoul breech bolt in its losed' ders I'Y' 'ahdhold the V p position when it has been rotated to look "It r A locking-rib 240 f railength tent "between 5 the front and rear edges 2526of the dis; charge opening, projects from the sideoi' V the breech bolt and in line with one of the 1dekin' 1 i1gs 23,ashghtspace-bangles: be l 'eockmghead inga V; tween the forward end ofthe rib-and the "rib engaging the edge26 ga ns the -l: reecl1 lug. The front and rear ends' of the rib 24s'areibeveled. The beveled rear end ofthe i bolt'fonward:andaidsin-holdingthe breech This extractor is located the -=e'xtractor lip. V rides over son off--the.--'hiold of the extractor 27 thereon.

groove -28,- theybaekgend of which is slightly fnarrowenthan the. tro-nt'end andigwith its edg'es-undercutto receive the dovetail shaped end 29 ofgthe-extractor.,j An; openingi30 in the {groove 28 7 receives from the back of the extractor.

tor is. resilientrso thatit ing, :the lug beinggof W ll not; b r wn out of the i'opening when the cartridge flange, When saidHlip has is engaged said flafng ej'and {the bolt is HlOVQd v,pull exerted to extract the cartridgeshell isgsustai'nedbv'said lug-within saidopening.

' eters "in' eross' section to firingiip n-opening-32i-of different diani= shaped firingi pin 33 eXtendsthrough "the breech bolt i from end to placed 1underj1conipres'sion by a compression 1 wiseftherethrougm the forward endoffwhich openingeis thr eadedwto fita thread 3 ?locatedat a ditance romvthe rear end 3 of the firing' V I llhie mm rssion sleeveijhas" ac thrfead th sl evefi i EQQ breech bolt, and also-for locking the firing open position project through in an extractor c intentional action. from theffrontend of the projection43 on wing 31 projecting The extracsmay be sprungisuf; j ficiently 'toiperrnit the lug to enter the'opensuch length th'at it safety.- groove -70 in the bottom ectlion 4 3,- thus locking the breech. bolt and backward the r the breech gbolt at the rear end edge of; this slot being; spirally formed to receive a; similarly 7 end, f the. rear end 7 ofthis openingfbein-g of the greatest dian'v 'eter and the {front end being comparatively small to Tree'eive the firing tip foi the firing "A inain c ir-fi1 in, spring 64,105 s iral from; is31oeatenl upon -the firing Epi'n and is I 50 7 sleeve 35 through, which the rear end of the -r fining; pints-extends; Before? these parts are 7: secured withinicthe'breech bolt the sleeve is held to'com press the 5 spring :hfy m'eans of. a cooking. head '36 with an opening, 1en gtht fa thread $9 upon thfer inter-iorof- 7 the hr eeeh bO1:fi,tl'h& sleeve"being:thussecnred -to.- -hold *the- 'in'ain' s ring slinder cbmpre'ssion when -thewapa its are-assembled:within the breech bolt, and the Itorce of the spring 'be V es 'tlien exeitedYtorforce Ethfe firingin f and.

cocking head forward within the breech bolt. A slot40 is formed through the wall of the sleeve onits under side to receive a projectiongl43' from? the "underside of the cooking head, within whichslotsaid profront end'and at -one side of the projection 3.1 This is for the purpose of holding the retracted position while being screwed into the pin-to thefbreechlbolt. Y liliefront end of the :prej(action;43 v .isf med Withn g' t and-acocking lug '44,the latter being located 7 fbo'l-t its locked position and the engage 'In'entl of thegfrzont endof saidgr'ib with the inclined part6? of the edge 25, of the dis charge opening forcespt'he breech :bolt back- 7 ward-l y; as itis 1'*otatefdto its 7 j, and thusdoosens the' ca'rtridge shell by rea-:

on the: opposite; side of the projection 43 rom thelugtfi and in;posi-tion-.-to engage a notoihed shou-lder 45 on the breech-bolt 22 breech ;b,oltl. "The 111 g 46 is of a depth to 7 the compression. sleeve and engage a safety looking notch. 47, i in} the exfiri-ng pijn-andbolt together to prevent run A s'aiety lug '49 extends the-side'lopposi-te the locking lug 46 and at a distance'ironi. the body: of the cooking head greater than. that of saidI-1ng 46 and in posit-ion' -to jengage the-sideof the spline groove 42, the corner forr'nedby; said groove and thecircular wall'bei-ng received within a of the proring pin 7 against" relativeturning move- .treme en dQot the breeoho bolt to .lock the ment. {AfSldiS 5,1'is cut through the wall of r thereof, one

constitute a cockingearn 50, that engages the front end ofthjeprojieetionr43 on the cocking head to move; the firing pin backwardly and cockit asthe breech bolt i -sfturned to its open-positionby 1neans=of-a handle 52 that projeotsqfroin the rib -24;and that maybe integraltherewith or otherwise as maybe desired.-

The vcocking earn 50 terminates at its rear endfinithe notched c'ocking shoulder 45-hereinbefore described, 7

An interrupter groove 53 -:'extends along the breech; bolt vposition to receive *an interrupter lug '54jfrom the side'ofan in:

'terrupter -55 secured to the receiver and o having a 'finger 5-6 adapted topass through an Iopen-ing in theside wall? of the magazine and -engagethe-cartridges therein "to regulate their dellvery'iinto the magazine chamher; EEhisjiniterm pter is-composed of fmetal havingfsprinig qua'lities and ;an in'terrltpter cam '57'-is -formed1 atione of the 'g zoove 53 for V the purpose of effecting sand controli 'rlingkthe operationsof the interrupter to cause it to -IPI'QPQJEI;Y;;PQILOIIH its;f 1nct-ions-,;

A groove 58 having its side walls undercut extends partially around the breech bolt from the groove 53. Openings 59 are cut through the lips of this dove-tailed shaped groove to receive one side 60 of a two part lug projecting from the under side of a stop piece 61 that limits backward movement of the breech bolt. The other part 62 of said lug is received in the groove 53, the points 64 on the breech bolt between the openings 59 and groove 53 being located in the space 65 between the parts 60 and 62 of the lug. The two part lug is beveled at its opposite ends to fit the undercut edges of the dovetail shaped groove 58 and when the stop device is in the position above described it may be slid to one side and located within the groove.

A trigger spring 71 extends through an opening in the trigger to hold it in one position and a lug on the end of this spring constitutes the sear 15, to engage a cooking shoulder 7 3 on the projection 43 on the cooking head.

A stop groove 66 extends along the outer surface of the stop piece, the front wall of the groove being adapted to engage the upper end of the trigger 14 that thus acts as a stop to the backward movement of the breech-bolt. By pressing the trigger backwardly to its full extent its upper end will be so moved that it may be disengaged from the end wall of the stop groove and the breechbolt may be removed from its chamber in the receiver. The rearward end of the stop groove is beveled oft as at 67 so that it will freely pass the rims of the cartridge shells in the backward movements of the breech-bolt.

To assemble the firing pin, cocking head and compression sleeve, the sleeve is slipped ver the body of the cooking head, the main spring is placed upon the firing pin, and the latter is passed through said sleeve and into the opening in the cocking head. The parts are forced together, slightly compressing the spring, and the thread on the firing pin is engaged with that in the opening in the cocking head and screwed to place.

To assemble these parts in the breechbolt the compression sleeve is forced toward the firing tip of the pin tensioning the main spring until the shoulder 41 is opposite the lug 46 when the sleeve is turned to engage said lug with the notch in said shoulder. The parts are now inserted in the breech-bolt, the sleeve holding the cocking head with its projection 43 away from the end of the breech-bolt when the thread 38 first engages the thread within the breech-bolt. The parts are screwed to place by force applied to the cocking head, and just before the threads are seated the forward part of the projection 48 encounters the end of the breech-bolt and the sleeve 35 being screwed farther inward, the lug 46 is disengaged from the notch 41, the cocking head is turned, and the lug 43 moves into the slot 40 in the compression sleeve and under the force of the mainspring 34.

To assemble the bolt in the receiver the cooking head is pulled backwardly up the cooking cam and is turned to engage the cooking lug 44 with the cocking shoulder 45. The stop piece 61 is alined with the bottom lug 23 on the breech bolt and the latter may then be pushed into the chamber in the receiver, the handle 52 passing through the slot in the top of thereceiver. When the breech bolt is pushed fully inward the handle 52 is turned downwardly to lock the parts in place.

By pulling the cooking head outwardly and turning it until the locking lug 46 engages the safety locking notch 47 in the breech bolt the safety lug 49 will be engaged within the side of the spline groove 42 and in this position of the parts the corner 48 at the mouth of said groove is located in the safety groove 7 O andthe firing pin is held against forward movement and the breech bolt against turning movement so that it cannot be unlocked. Also in this position of the parts the lug 49, resting against the side of the spline groove, pre vents the handle 52 from being raised to unlock the breech-bolt, as the latter is locked to the firing head and the engagement of the lug 43 with the end of the receiver prevents inward movement of the firing pin.

While I have shown and described herein a construction of parts that satisfactorily embodies my ideas, this may be departed from to a greater or lesser degree and yet be within the spirit and intent of the invention.

I claim:

1. A rotatable breech bolt for a gun, said bolt having locking lugs thereon and a stop bar attached to the bolt to register in line with one of the lugs of the bolt, means for preventing turning movement of the stop bar when said bolt is turned to its unlocked, position, and means for attaching the stop bar to the bolt. 7 g g A breech bolt for a gun, said bolt having a peripheral groove with overhanging walls running part way around its circumference, a stop bar having a projecting lug with overhanging lips and of approximately the same width as the peripheral slot in the bolt to removably attach it to the bolt, the lug operating in the peripheral slot to permit turning movement of the bolt independently of said stop bar.

3. A breech bolt for a gun, said bolt having a peripheral groove with overhangin lips and with openings out through saic lips, and a member movably mounted on the breech bolt and having a lug to pass through stopjbar having a concave and a convex side "115 said openings for "attaching vpurposes, and

ends underlying said-- lips; v r

I 4. A breech bolt foragun, said'boltthaving a peripheral groove with overhanging lips and-with openings cut through said lips, said bolt also having'allongitudinal groove, and a member niovably mounted ;on the breech bolt and having adivided lug to fit into said-openings and, groovefor attach-V ingpurposesand ends to underlie said lips. 5. A breech bolt for "a gunghaving a pe- -iip'hera'l groove with-overhanging walls run.

ning partway around its circumference, a

with a projecting concave; lug with overhanging, lips projecting rfrom itsnc'oncave surface, the lug being ofapproximately the same width as the peripheral slot in the bolt,

'thelugoperating inthe peripheral slot to.

turn partfof the distance around the circu1n,

iferen c'e of the bolt. 1 V

'6. A breech bolt for a gun, said bolt hav- 7 ing locking lugs, a rib and a handle mounted V the forward part of the so.

its bore, a firing-pin rod sleeve,

head mounted in the vrear of the sleeve andmeans for attaching the firing pinrodto the'cockinghead. r v

s 7, A receiver, a breech bolt located in the V receiv'er, 'a-co'cking head havinga projection with a bifurcated lugshaped to -lie flush r to itsseat.

with the outer surfaceof the breech" bolt, saidthe receiverltoengage said shoulder.

1 ,8. A cocking head for, a breech bolt, said headhaving aprojection from its under surface bifurcated atits forward end to form two lugs anda third lug (extending from thefforward end of said projection back of r the bifurcated partand ata greater distance from the'axisof the head.

y '9 .A cocking head for a breech bolt, said ihea d havinga projection from its surface its rear end, a "firing projection having a transverse step 'forrningia shoulder located backwardly of V i the bifurcated'end', and a sear mounted in 'ingthe sleeve to the-'bolt, a.firingpin located ,in the breech bolt and extendingythrough face, the forward-partof' the lug being bis furcated andvrof a di ameterequal to that of theboltin which the booking head operates, 1

a transverse step formed slightly to the rearward of the bi'furcated end, the step. extend:

ing part way across the face'of :the bottom of the lug, and alu-g projecting'forward of the step.

V x-llhAlbreechbolt a gun,jsaid bolt having ,locking lugs, a'rib, a handle removably secured thereto, a movablestoplbar attached: to the forward end of the bolt, a

spiral cam cutfin the rear endof said breech bolt, said jca'm extending to a 'ledgeformed near the'end-ofthe bolt, that part of the ledge adjacent'the wall of the spiral cam projectingpast theinner partof the ledge.

1 '12. A breech belt for a' gun, said bolt having a compression sleeve secured within pin located. in 'the breech bolt and extendingthrough said sleeve,-acocking head secured to the firing pin, a projectionfrom said cockinghead, I .80

means for locking the "cooking 1 head and sleeve together to 'hold saidprojectionin a retracted positionforengagement of said sleeve with said breech bolt and means for disengaging saidparts as the sleeveis turned 7 13. A breech $015 a a an; amma having a notch-in its end, ,a'compression sleeve locatedin said bolt, means for secur-' engage the'notch in the breech bolt to lock said head to the breech bolt and ,means for disengaging said parts as :the sleeve is turned to-its seat. 7 v

' GRANT HALIMOND.

V Gopiesof thistpatent may be obtained forfive cents each, bj addressing' the Commissioner of Patents,

7 vWashington, Q. 

